Modelling fishing-induced adaptations and consequences for natural mortality

نویسندگان

  • Christian Jørgensen
  • Øyvind Fiksen
چکیده

When trade-offs involving predation and mortality are perturbed by human activities, behaviour and life histories are expected to change, with consequences for natural mortality rates. We present a general life history model for fish in which three common relationships link natural mortality to life history traits and behaviour. First, survival increases with body size. Second, survival declines with growth rate due to risks involved with resource acquisition and allocation. Third, fish that invest heavily in reproduction suffer from decreased survival due to costly reproductive behaviour or morphology that makes escapes from predators less successful. The model predicts increased natural mortality rate as an adaptive response to harvesting. This extends previous models that have shown that harvesting may cause smaller body size, higher growth rates, and higher investment in reproduction. The predicted increase in natural mortality is roughly half the fishing mortality over a wide range of harvest levels and parameter combinations such that fishing two fish kills three after evolutionary adaptations have taken place. Résumé : Lorsque les compromis entre la prédation et la mortalité sont perturbés par les activités humaines, on s’attend à ce que les comportements et les cycles biologiques changent, ce qui affecte les taux de mortalité naturelle. Nous présentons un modèle général de cycle biologique dans lequel trois relations courantes relient la mortalité naturelle aux traits du cycle biologique et au comportement. D’abord, la survie augmente en fonction de la taille corporelle. Ensuite, la survie diminue en fonction du taux de croissance à cause des risques reliés à l’acquisition et l’allocation des ressources. Enfin, les poissons qui investissent beaucoup dans la reproduction ont une survie réduite à cause des coûts associés aux comportements reproducteurs ou à la morphologie qui réduisent le succès de l’évitement des prédateurs. Le modèle prédit un taux de mortalité naturelle accru comme réaction adaptative à la récolte. Cela élargit les modèles antérieurs qui ont montré que la récolte peut produire des tailles corporelles réduites, des taux de croissance plus élevés et un investissement accru dans la reproduction. L’accroissement prédit de la mortalité naturelle correspond en gros à la moitié de la mortalité due à la pêche sur un large éventail d’intensités de récoltes et de combinaisons de paramètres, de telle sorte que la pêche de deux poissons en élimine trois une fois que les adaptations évolutives ont eu lieu. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

Life-history evolution and elevated natural mortality in a population of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

Fisheries-induced evolution has been hypothesized to delay the recovery of collapsed fish stocks through effects on their productivity. The cod stock in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence (SGSL) collapsed in the early 1990s and has shown no recovery since then, due mainly to high natural mortality of adult cod. Age and size at maturation of SGSL cod decreased sharply over time in cohorts produce...

متن کامل

An estimation of growth parameter, mortality rates and yield-per-recruit for beluga (Huso huso) living in Caspian Sea

This paper presents the results of study on age, growth, mortality rates and yield-per-recruit of Beluga (Huso huso) living in Caspian Sea. The mean length of successive years, mortality rates and yield-per-recruit studies indicated that at present the resource is under heavy fishing pressure. For the female Beluga growth was regarded as comprising of three stages, and the von Bertalanffy param...

متن کامل

Effects of Rutilus kutum mortality on the Appearance and sensory acceptability by gillnetting

Rutilus kutum , one of the most important and valuable is the bony fishes of the Caspian Sea and the use of gill net fishing is one of numerous methods and the use of gill net fishing is one of the main ways that likely to more die the large number of fish during captured in net. In this study, sensory and the appearance changes white fishes after fishing by gillnetting was performed to determi...

متن کامل

Population assessment and yield per recruit of longtail tuna (Thunnus tonggol) in Northern of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea (Iran, Hormozgan Province)

The purpose of this paper was to detail some important biological aspects of T. tonggol in coastal waters of Hormuzgan Province(Persian Gulf and Oman Sea). A total monthly data of 4383 individuals ranging from 25 to 124 cm fork length were collected from April 2015 to March 2016. The data were analyzed with FiSAT II software using the ELEFAN1  package  to estimate the  population parameters. Th...

متن کامل

Population biology and assessment of Kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis) in Coastal Waters of the Persian Gulf and Sea of Oman (Hormozgan Province)

  Length composition data (fork length) of kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis ), landed between April 2003 to March 2005 in Coastal Waters of Hormozgan province in Iran ( Persian Gulf and Sea of Oman) , were monthly used to estimate the p opulation parameters and for the assessment of the stock. The growth parameters of von Bertalanffy equation were estimated as L∞: 87.66 cm, K: 0.51 per year and t0: ...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

عنوان ژورنال:

دوره   شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2010